The relevance of metallic species for monitoring acidity in mine waters: statistical modeling for highly contaminated sites

Abstract

[Excerpt] Acid mine drainage (AMD) challenges the global mining industry due to its severe environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems, water resources, and soils. Areas affected by AMD are typically characterized by high acidity, low pH (< 3), and elevated concentrations of sulfate and metals (Fe, Al, Mn, and others). Monitoring and predicting water acidity in AMD systems is critical for assessing environmental impacts and implementing effective mitigation strategies. However, the high concentrations of dissolved metals in waters affected by AMD can affect acidity levels, making them potentially suitable indicators and predictors of water acidity.[...]