Mode‐center placement of monolayer WS2 in a photonic polymer waveguide

Abstract

The effective integration of 2D materials such as monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) into photonic waveguides and integrated circuits is being intensely pursued due to these materials’ strong exciton-based optical response. This work presents a platform where a 2D heterostructure (WS2-hBN) is directly integrated into the photonic mode-center of a novel polymer ridge waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain simulations and collection of photoluminescence from the guided mode indicate that this system exhibits significantly improved waveguide-emitter coupling and mode confinement over a previous elastomer platform. This is facilitated by the platform’s enhanced refractive-index contrast and a new method for mode-center integration of the coupled TMD. The integration is based on a simple dry-transfer process that is applicable to other 2D materials, and the platform’s elastomeric nature is a natural fit to explore strain-tunable hybrid-photonic devices. The demonstrated ability of coupling photoluminescence to a polymer waveguide opens up new possibilities for hybrid-photonic systems in a variety of contexts.