Three-dimensional printing for solid-state batteries

Abstract

Driven by the urgent need of decarbonization of the economy, the necessity of storage clean electric energy generated from renewable sources and increasing growth of the use of portable devices, raise the necessity of new batteries systems capable of integrate in new devices and substrates, with improved efficiency and energy/power density. In this scope, solid-state batteries associated with printing technologies allow to improve battery properties including safety, flexibility, cost, eco-friendliness and complex geometry design, allowing rapid technology transfer. This chapter present the main printing technologies for solid-state printable batteries together with the state of the art and recent advances for the different battery component developed by printing technologies. Recent works are mainly focusing on ink properties and combability between the several battery components. Complex geometries, novel materials and interface issues are also addressed. There are also reports on full batteries but efforts are still required to improve the integration of printed batteries and devices. Thus, the evaluation of the individual components still remains the main focus of study. Future challenge in the area of solidstate printed batteries associated, among others with advanced and sustainable are also presented and discussed.