Sudden gains and ambivalence in the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorder

Abstract

Sudden gains (SG) are large and rapid symptom improvements experienced by clients that are related to positive effects on the outcome. However, little is known about why SGs happen or what are the mechanisms that underlie them. Ambivalence towards change is a client's variable related to outcome that has not been previously studied in the context of SGs. The main purpose of this study was to explore the role of ambivalence in the context of SGs. The sample consisted of 68 outpatients suffering from depression and/or anxiety disorders. The clients were treated using a manualized treatment for emotional disorders at an outpatient university-based clinic. SGs were detected with the Outcome Questionnaire 10.2. A 20.6% of the participants experienced a SG, occurring more frequently in session eight. The SG group presented lower levels of ambivalence and psychological symptoms at the end of the treatment when compared with non-SGs. Multilevel analysis suggested that the trajectory of ambivalence tends to be steeper in the SG group. The results suggest that SGs are associated with ambivalence and reinforce the idea that ambivalence resolution is closely related to treatment success.