Spain and Portugal 1830-1914

Abstract

Substantial shifts characterized the political scenario both in Spain and Portugal in the nineteenth century. Following the Napoleonic invasions, revolutions questioned the monarchic status quo and allowed for the independence of colonial territories. This climate introduced a quest for the rediscovery of ‘national’ styles, opening the way for the emergence of revival artistic movements. Historicism marked the tone for a time when neo-Romanesque, neo-Gothic, neo-Manueline, neo-Arab, neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism shared the same artistic momentum. Eclecticism even combined them and responded with romantic statements to an increasing interference of industrialisation and the new materials that came with it. Iron structures challenged tradition and were joined by urban ensanches for a growing middle-class. The path was set for pioneer modern architectural experiences to come to light by the late-1800s and early-1900s.